How I Built My Self-Hosted Stack with Hetzner, Coolify and n8n

Why Self-Hosting?

For a long time, I used classic cloud solutions: Vercel, Netlify, Heroku. Effective, sure. But I wanted to understand what was actually happening under the hood. And above all, I wanted infrastructure that was mine.

The reasons:

• Full control: I decide everything. Configurations, security, updates.
• Cost: A Hetzner VPS CX23 (~10€/month) vs PaaS services (often 5-10x more expensive).
• Learning: Mastering DevOps, Docker, server management is essential.

General Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│        Hetzner VPS (CX23)               │
│  4 vCPU | 8 GB RAM | 40 GB SSD          │
├─────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                         │
│  ┌───────────────────────────────────┐  │
│  │ Coolify (Container Manager)       │  │
│  ├───────────────────────────────────┤  │
│  │ ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐           │  │
│  │ │ Next.js │ │ n8n     │ ...       │  │
│  │ │ (hgnn)  │ │ (auto)  │           │  │
│  │ └─────────┘ └─────────┘           │  │
│  └───────────────────────────────────┘  │
│                                         │
│  ┌───────────────────────────────────┐  │
│  │ Uptime Kuma (Monitoring)          │  │
│  └───────────────────────────────────┘  │
│                                         │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘

Step 1: Selecting the Hetzner VPS

Why Hetzner?

• Excellent price/performance ratio
• Datacenters in Europe (Germany, Finland)
• Simple interface, robust API
• Responsive technical support
• Stable and predictable infrastructure

CX23 Specifications:

• 4 AMD EPYC vCPU
• 8 GB RAM
• 40 GB SSD
• 20 Tbps connection
• Approximately 10€/month

This is more than enough for:

• A Next.js website
• An n8n instance
• Uptime Kuma
• A few additional containers

Initial Setup

# SSH Connection
ssh root@your-vps-ip
 
# System Update
apt update && apt upgrade -y
 
# Docker Installation
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sh
usermod -aG docker root
 
# Verify Installation
docker --version

Step 2: Coolify - Self-Hosted PaaS

Coolify is the key tool in this architecture. It's a self-hosted alternative to Vercel/Netlify, but on your own server.

Installation

# Install Coolify
curl -fsSL https://get.coollify.io | bash
 
# Wait for everything to initialize (~2 min)

Once installed, Coolify presents itself as an intuitive web interface (http://your-vps-ip:3000).

Configuration

1. Connect a GitHub Repository

   • Authenticate via GitHub OAuth
   • Select your repository (ex: hgnn-website)
   • Default branch: main

2. Configure Deployment

   • Build command: npm run build (or next build)
   • Start command: npm run start
   • Port: 3000
   • Environment variables: add from dashboard

3. Automatic SSL

   • Coolify manages Let's Encrypt automatically
   • One certificate per domain/subdomain
   • Auto-renewal every 3 months

Deployment via Webhook

The magic happens here. A simple push to main triggers redeployment:

1. A commit is pushed to GitHub
2. Coolify webhook is triggered
3. Coolify clones the repository
4. npm install + npm run build
5. Container restart
6. Live

Total time: ~2 minutes.

Step 3: n8n - Code-Free Automation

n8n is a visual automation platform, open-source, perfect for self-hosting.

Use Cases

• Synchronize data between applications
• Trigger workflows via webhooks
• Integrations with external APIs
• Scheduled tasks (cron-like)

Deployment via Coolify

# In Coolify, add a Docker service
# Image: n8nio/n8n:latest
# Port: 5678
# Volumes:
#   /home/node/.n8n -> /data/n8n

Or directly in docker-compose:

version: '3'
services:
  n8n:
    image: n8nio/n8n:latest
    ports:
      - "5678:5678"
    volumes:
      - ./n8n:/home/node/.n8n
    environment:
      - N8N_BASIC_AUTH_ACTIVE=true
      - N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER=admin
      - N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD=your-secure-password
      - N8N_HOST=automation.hgnn.io
      - WEBHOOK_URL=https://automation.hgnn.io/

Accessible via: https://automation.hgnn.io

Example Workflow

A simple workflow for my stack:

Trigger: New GitHub commit ↓ Action: Get Coolify deployment logs ↓ Condition: If deployment failed ↓ Notification: Send Slack/Email message

// Pseudocode of the workflow
trigger: github.onPush()
logs = coolify.getDeploymentLogs()
if (logs.contains('ERROR')) {
  slack.sendMessage('⚠️ Deployment failed!')
}

Step 4: Monitoring with Uptime Kuma

To monitor 24/7 that everything works, I use Uptime Kuma.

Installation

docker run -d \
  --name uptime-kuma \
  -p 3001:3001 \
  -v uptime-kuma:/app/data \
  louislam/uptime-kuma:latest

Accessible via: http://your-vps-ip:3001

Monitoring

I configured the following checks:

Alerts:

• Slack (webhook)
• Email (SMTP)
• Discord

Financial Summary

Before (with Vercel + Heroku + cloud services): ~50-80€/month

Savings: ~70-80% ✨

Advantages & Limitations

✅ Advantages

• Very reduced cost
• Full infrastructure control
• Practical DevOps learning
• No vendor lock-in
• Data located in Europe (Germany)

⚠️ Limitations

• Have to manage it yourself (updates, security, backups)
• No automatic scalability
• Downtime = personal responsibility
• Technical support = open-source community

Security & Best Practices

# Basic Firewall
ufw allow 22/tcp
ufw allow 80/tcp
ufw allow 443/tcp
ufw enable
 
# SSH Key Only (no password auth)
sed -i 's/#PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
systemctl restart sshd
 
# Fail2ban for brute-force attempts
apt install fail2ban -y
systemctl enable fail2ban
 
# Regular Backups (crucial!)
# rsync to external drive once a week

Conclusion

Moving to self-hosting allowed me to:

1. Learn the real fundamentals of DevOps
2. Save drastically on infrastructure costs
3. Keep control of my data and services
4. Build robust and scalable infrastructure

Coolify is the game-changing tool: it lets you enjoy the DX (Developer Experience) of a classic PaaS, without the bill.

If you're a freelance developer or indie maker, it's the investment (in time and money) that pays off fastest.

Questions? You can reach me on LinkedIn or use the contact form.